各类高校
Baden Württemberg's landscape of higher education is the most diverse in Germany. It ranges from the purely theoretical to the
predominantly practical.
Students can study at nine traditional universities devoted to
excellence in teaching and research; six universities of education
(Pädagogische Hochschulen), which offer teacher training in
theory and practice; 23 public universities of applied sciences
(Fachhochschulen), which offer combined academic and practical
training as well as applied research; eight universities of cooperative
education (Berufsakademien), whose three-year programs combine
an academic curriculum with practical experience in busi ness,
industry or agencies of social welfare; and five universities of music
and performing arts, one state academy of fine arts, two of art and
design, one film academy and one pop academy, which focus on
Baden-Württemberg’s landscape of higher education is the both theory and performance skills. These institutions prepare students
for a wide variety of professional activities with modern study
methods designed for the different types of degree offered. Over
242,000 young men and women attend institutions of higher education
in Baden-Württemberg. There are more than 70,000 professors,
assistants and other staff.
An average of 15% foreign students were enrolled in the winter
semester of 2005/06. All the institutions of higher education in
Baden-Württemberg are open to international students.
The changes in the economic arena, increasing globalization and
students’ need for flexibility have prompted the State of Baden-
Württemberg to introduce international degree programs, with
classes taught in English and international degrees (Bachelor’s
and Master’s as well as Ph.D.s).
There are now approximately 600 B.A., B.Sc., M.A., M.B.A. and
M.Sc. programs across the board of educational institutions,
and their number is increasing constantly, in keeping with the
education policy of the EU. Many of them are integrated courses,
organized in close cooperation with one or several partner universities
outside Germany, and students can receive a dual degree,
one from each of the participating universities.
Language courses and service packages facilitate exchanges and
study-abroad programs for international students.
Students wishing to complete a Bachelor’s degree must plan on six
to eight semesters, while a Master’s degree requires two to four
semesters beyond the B.A. In addition, there are the traditional
German university degrees: Diplom, Staatsexamen, Magister
and doctorates. A German university degree usually takes four to
five years.
[Translate to Chinese:] RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES (UNIVERSITÄTEN)
The nine traditional research universities combine teaching and
learning with independent research, applied and pure. The focus
is on academic work, and the length of a course of study is comparable
to that of university courses all over the world. Students
become equipped for professional lives in which they will apply the
scientific knowledge and methods they have acquired.
By fostering new generations of leading-edge scientists through
technology transfer, post-graduate and continuing education, and
a close dialogue with industry, research universities ensure Baden-
Württemberg’s status as a center of scientific excellence.
The universities offer the following fields of study: medicine,
natural sciences, engineering, law, economics, the humanities and
social sciences, agriculture and forestry.
Although studies at a university are based on fairly strict regulations,
they nevertheless offer flexibility: The broad range of subjects
allows interdisciplinary study or specialization, as the student wishes,
and there are opportunities for students to pursue individual and
independent research.
The research universities are located in Freiburg, Heidelberg,
Hohen heim, Karlsruhe, Konstanz, Mannheim, Stuttgart, Tübingen
and Ulm. Four of them (Freiburg, Heidelberg/Mannheim,Tübingen and Ulm) have medical schools. These also offer a wide
range of continuing education courses for practicing physicians.
UNIVERSITIES OF APPLIED SCIENCES
(FACHHOCHSCHULEN)
Universities of applied sciences represent a highly successful development
in Germany’s higher education. They focus on a more practically
oriented method of education with individualized teaching in small
groups and a highly structured curriculum. Courses at the universities
of applied sciences have examinations scheduled throughout, which
count towards the final degree.
Research is also conducted at these institutions, although it is
more directed towards practical requirements. Conventional
“theoretical” courses tend not to be found here, as the subject matter
is geared towards the needs of the professional, for example, in
engineering, business administration, design and the social services.
The rising popularity of these institutions is reflected in the fact that
today about 60% of all engineers and business administration graduates
come from universities of applied sciences. Another vital feature
of the Fachhochschulen is their emphasis on offering various ser vices
to the respective region. Their intensive connections to regional
industry and public administrations help students to become familiar
with the requirements of the working world, which thus constitutes
an integral part of their studies. For a listing of universities
of applied sciences, cf. the Profiles Section below. In addition,
Baden-Württemberg is the home of more than 10 private universities
of applied sciences.
[Translate to Chinese:] UNIVERSITIES OF COOPERATIVE EDUCATION
(BERUFSAKADEMIEN)
The universities of cooperative education, a successful and trendsetting
innovation in the educational landscape of Baden-Württemberg,
combine phases of academic study in alternation
with phases of practical, on-the-job training in companies and
corporations. Bosch, Daimler-Benz and SEL helped pioneer this
form of higher education in the early 1970s. At these institutions,
two partners – companies and the universities of cooperative education
– help students acquire the qualifications for their professional
careers. This dual structure is the defining characteristic
of the universities of cooperative education. While companies providefor
the students’ practical training, the eight state universities
of cooperative education (plus three branch locations) provide the
requisite theoretical knowledge in compact, tightly structured threeyear
programs. The campuses are located in Heidenheim, Karlsruhe,
Lörrach, Mannheim, Mosbach plus Bad Mergentheim (branch), Ravensburg
plus Friedrichshafen (branch), Stuttgart plus Horb (branch) and
Villingen-Schwenningen. They offer B.A. programs in the fields of
economics, engineering, technology, informatics, computer science,
media design, the social sciences, business administration and related
sub-specialties.
UNIVERSITIES OF ART AND DESIGN
(KUNSTHOCHSCHULEN)
The institutions in this category include the State Academy of
Fine Arts Karlsruhe, the State University of Arts and Design, also in
Karlsruhe, the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart, and the
Film Academy Baden-Württemberg in Ludwigsburg. The scope of
approaches to the arts allows students to focus on more specialized
aspects of the field, from fine arts through applied arts to media
theory. The art universities combine theory and performance in a
mutually enhancing way.
UNIVERSITIES OF MUSIC AND PERFORMING ARTS
(MUSIKHOCHSCHULEN)
The universities of music and performing arts in Baden-Württemberg
are renowned worldwide. They offer young artists the
opportunity to acquire concrete musical skills such as aural
training, conducting and composition, as well as the more scientific
skills of music theory and principles of music education and teacher
training. Some of them even offer special areas like jazz/popular
music and dance.
The first university of music was founded in Stuttgart in 1857.
Today there are five music universities, located in Freiburg,
Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart and Trossingen. The pop academy
Mannheim is Baden-Württemberg’s most recent addition to the
academic music landscape. This academy offers bachelor’s degrees
in music business and pop music design and is the first of its kind
in Germany.
UNIVERSITIES OF EDUCATION
(PÄDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULEN)
These universities prepare students to teach in primary, secondary
or special-education schools. The standard course of study
leads to the so-called first state examination (Erstes Staatsexamen)
after six to eight semesters and to the second state examination
(Zweites Staatsexamen) after another three semesters of study.
Each of these universities has international partnership and exchange
programs. They also participate in training high school and
vocational school teachers and offer continuing education
courses for teachers who are already employed in schools.
Their campuses are located in Freiburg, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe,
Ludwigsburg, Schwäbisch-Gmünd and Weingarten.
Reference
©Baden Württemberg International
Agency for International Economic and Scientific Cooperation
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